IPLUSO 19567

Histotechnology II

• ApresentaçãoPresentation

  In this curriculart unit, the methodology of staining histological sections and obtaining histological sections by freezing will be explained. Although the techniques addressed in the curricular unit of Histotechnology I (fixation, microtomy¿) have remained reassuringly constant, there have been great advances in immunological methodology, molecular and digital diagnostics. The progressive development of molecular techniques over the past 20 years, revolving around DNA and in situ hybridization, has led to the creation of new genetic testing and diagnostic opportunities for the laboratory. Digital pathology, in particular, is the new frontier, and quality control is critical to modern and relevant histotechnology.
• ProgramaProgramme

  Staining: dyes, nomenclature, types of staining, haematoxylin-eosin, and automatic staining equipment. Mounting of histological sections: mounting media, manual and automatic mounting. Cryotomy: freezing methods, sectioning using a freezing microtome and cryostat, intraoperative frozen section examinations, and freezing of muscle tissue for neuropathology. Photography, microphotography, and organization of the histopathology laboratory: diagnostic routine, quality control, archiving of slides and blocks, and prevention of contamination. Research techniques in histopathology, including DNA and RNA extraction from paraffin blocks. Preparation of anatomical specimens for exhibition: fixation, preservation of anatomical shape, and presentation. Digital pathology applied to Histotechnology: fundamentals, Whole Slide Imaging, histotechnical requirements, image quality, digital archiving, interoperability, computational analysis, artificial intelligence telepathology, and integration with precision
• ObjectivosObjectives

  Know and understand histological techniques for preparing tissues for observation under the optical microscope and their application in anatomic pathology diagnosis and research. Perform staining and mounting techniques for histological sections. Describe the principles of frozen section preparation, compare tissue freezing methods, and recognize their advantages over other impregnation methods. Identify errors in histological processing and apply appropriate corrective measures. Recognize the relevance of histopathological techniques in scientific studies and research. Understand the fundamentals of digital pathology and its relationship with Histotechnology. Know the pre-analytical requirements for slide digitization and the importance of histotechnical quality in digital images. Use Whole Slide Imaging platforms and understand the principles of computational analysis, artificial intelligence, and quality control in the digital workflow in Anatomic Pathology.
• BibliografiaBibliography

  Suvarna, S. K., Layton, C. & Bancroft, J. D. (2019). Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques (8th ed.). Elsevier. Carson, F. L., & Hladik, C. (2021). Histotechnology: A Self-Instructional Text (5th ed.). ASCP Press. Pantanowitz, L., et al. (2020). Review of the current state of whole slide imaging in pathology. Journal of Pathology Informatics. Bera, K., Schalper, K. A., Rimm, D. L., Velcheti, V., & Madabhushi, A. (2019). Artificial Intelligence in Digital Pathology. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 16, 703-715. College of American Pathologists (2021). Validating Whole Slide Imaging for Diagnostic Purposes. European Society of Digital and Integrative Pathology (ESDIP). Recomendações para Patologia Digital. WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. (2024). WHO Reporting System for Digital Pathology. IARC.  
• MetodologiaMethodology

  Innovative methodologies supporting the teaching-learning process value an active, practical, and student-centred approach, linking theoretical knowledge, technical skills, and laboratory application. Problem-based learning and laboratory case studies develop technical reasoning, analytical capacity, decision-making, and the resolution of errors in histological processing. The use of histological images, digital slides, Whole Slide Imaging platforms, and multimedia resources favours observation, interpretation, and comparison of results. Practical activities, simulations, guided case discussions, and critical analysis of procedures reinforce autonomy and collaborative learning. The integration of digital tools, computational image analysis, and artificial intelligence brings teaching closer to current practice in Anatomic Pathology, encouraging digital literacy, critical thinking, and adaptation to innovative professional contexts.
• LínguaLanguage

  Português
• TipoType

  Semestral
• ECTS

  5
• NaturezaNature

  Mandatory
• EstágioInternship

  Não