IPLUSO 19573

Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Pathology

• ApresentaçãoPresentation

  This unit allows students to understand the basis of molecular pathology, the main techniques and molecules used in the diagnosis and its importance in the context of pathology.
• ProgramaProgramme

  Immunohistochemistry: framework and application in routine diagnostic practice in Anatomic Pathology. Basic concepts of immunocytochemistry: antigens, antibodies, structure, subtypes, and antigen-antibody binding. Immunohistochemical methods, blocking of endogenous substances, antigen retrieval, detection systems, and signal amplification. Automation and integration into the laboratory workflow. Internal and external quality control. Immunocytochemical diagnosis and application of tumour markers. Molecular pathology: fundamentals, diagnostic techniques, and molecules used. Digital pathology applied to immunohistochemistry: fundamental concepts, slide digitization through Whole Slide Imaging, digital workflow in Anatomic Pathology, computational analysis, and biomarker quantification, including ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67, and PD-L1. Artificial intelligence in the analysis of histological and immunohistochemical images. 
• ObjectivosObjectives

  Define and explain the fundamental concepts of immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology applied to Anatomic Pathology. Recognize the structure and function of antibodies, distinguishing polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies in terms of production, sensitivity, specificity, and cross-reactivity. Understand the principles of immunohistochemical methods, including immunofluorescence, immunoenzymatic methods, antigen retrieval, detection systems, and signal amplification. Interpret and evaluate immunocytochemical staining, identifying artefacts, background staining, technical causes, and corrective measures. Understand the fundamentals of digital pathology, the workflow of slide digitization through Whole Slide Imaging, and digital image analysis. Recognize the application of artificial intelligence and image analysis algorithms in biomarker quantification, as well as principles of validation, quality control, interoperability, storage, and digital data security.
• BibliografiaBibliography

  Dabbs DJ (2019) Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry: Theranostic and Genomic Applications. (5 th ed.): Elsevier. Suvarna, S. K., Layton, C. L & Bancroft, J. D. (2019). Bancroft's theory and practice of histological techniques . (8th ed). Amersterdam: Elsevier Cook, D. J. & Warren, P. J. (2015). Cellular pathology: an introduction to techniques and applications . Banbury: Scion Publishing Ltd.  
• MetodologiaMethodology

  Innovative methodologies supporting the teaching-learning process favour an active, participatory, and student-centred approach, linking theoretical knowledge with practical application. Problem-based learning strategies and clinical-laboratory case studies will be used to promote diagnostic reasoning, decision-making, and the resolution of technical problems. The analysis of histological, immunohistochemical, and digital images will develop observation, interpretation, and critical assessment skills. The use of digital platforms, multimedia content, simulations, image databases, and computational analysis tools will foster autonomous and collaborative learning. The integration of Whole Slide Imaging and artificial intelligence will bring teaching closer to current practice in Anatomic Pathology, encouraging digital literacy, critical thinking, and adaptation to innovative professional contexts.
• LínguaLanguage

  Português
• TipoType

  Semestral
• ECTS

  5
• NaturezaNature

  Mandatory
• EstágioInternship

  Não